Publications

Among the most influential philosophers of science of the past half-century, Helen Longino has reshaped our understanding of how scientific knowledge is produced, evaluated, and shaped by social values. Her work across feminist philosophy, philosophy of...

According to an emerging paradigm in the field of sports science and medicine, women athletes can optimize performance and minimize injury by syncing their training to their menstrual cycles. This paradigm links specific cycle phases to performance...

Concerns about large sex disparities in adverse drug events (ADEs, a term referring to all reported adverse events in people taking medication, including both confirmed adverse drug reactions [ADRs] and spontaneously reported, unconfirmed adverse events)...

Gender/sex variables are often included in clinical algorithms, typically without articulating which aspects of gender or sex-linked biologies are hypothesized to contribute to the tools’ output. To date, there exists little systematic evaluation of how...

Katharine Lee and colleagues argue that digital menstrual tracking and cycle syncing pose risks to health as well as privacy and call for greater scrutiny of apps.

This essay introduces the term 'investment feminism' to characterize the phenomenon in which financial actors position investment as a powerful lever for advancing gender equity. We offer investment feminism as an analytic tool that illuminates patterns...

Scientific research associations, funders, and publishers have recently introduced sex inclusion mandates requiring the use of male and female specimens in preclinical research designs and the analysis and reporting of data disaggregated by sex. However...

Machine learning offers new possibilities for developing more precise diagnostics and treatments, but the increasing use of sex stratification in precision medicine algorithms raises concerns. Using Alzheimer's disease (AD) research as an example in which...

To explain observed disparities in health outcomes between men and women, sex essentialist approaches assign causal primacy to sex-related biology. In this essay, we present three case studies to illustrate how sex essentialism can distort human...

Modeling of sex-biased migration or admixture in human history often uses sex itself as the factor which controls the probability that any particular individual migrates. This modeling strategy aims to unite work across a large range of times and putative...

Understanding sex-related variation in health and illness requires rigorous and precise approaches to revealing underlying mechanisms. A first step is to recognize that sex is not in and of itself a causal mechanism; rather, it is a classification system...