# Sarah S. Richardson ![Photo of Sarah Richardson](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/srichard/files/sarah_richardson_photo_by_jody_christopherson-1.jpg?itok=hwvHp40N) Photo by Jody ChristophersonSarah Richardson is Aramont Professor of the History of Science and Professor of Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Harvard University, where she has taught since 2010. Her courses include gender and science, feminist science studies, interdisciplinary research methods in gender studies, bias, hype, and objectivity in science, heredity and reproduction, postgenomics, medical management of the female body, and sex, gender, and evolution. An expert in the history and philosophy of the sciences of sex, gender, sexuality, and reproduction, she also writes and teaches about race... [*Read more*](/biocv "Bio") ## Recent Publications Download 6 citations download- [BibTeX](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=tagged) - [Marc](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=marc) - [PubMedId](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=6&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&&format=ris) ### Forthcoming Richardson, Sarah S., Heidi Grasswick, Carla Fehr, and Michael R. Dietrich, eds. *[Interactions: Helen Longino and the Social Dimensions of Science](/publication/interactions-helen-longino-and-social-dimensions-science)*. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2027. Richardson, Sarah S., Heidi Grasswick, Carla Fehr, and Michael R. Dietrich, eds. *[Interactions: Helen Longino and the Social Dimensions of Science](/publication/interactions-helen-longino-and-social-dimensions-science)*. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2027. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Among the most influential philosophers of science of the past half-century, Helen Longino has reshaped our understanding of how scientific knowledge is produced, evaluated, and shaped by social values. Her work across feminist philosophy, philosophy of... ### 2026 Marsella, Jamie, Marina DiMarco, Abigail Higgins, Sarah S. Richardson, and Joseph Dov Bruch. “[Investment Feminism and Women’s Health](/publications/investment-feminism-and-women%E2%80%99s-health)”. *Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society* 51, no. 3 (2026). Marsella, Jamie, Marina DiMarco, Abigail Higgins, Sarah S. Richardson, and Joseph Dov Bruch. “[Investment Feminism and Women’s Health](/publications/investment-feminism-and-women%E2%80%99s-health)”. *Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society* 51, no. 3 (2026). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract This essay introduces the term 'investment feminism' to characterize the phenomenon in which financial actors position investment as a powerful lever for advancing gender equity. We offer investment feminism as an analytic tool that illuminates patterns... Gompers, Annika, Tamara Rushovich, Sarah S. Richardson, and Katharine M. N. Lee. “[Exploring the Contributions of Gendered Social Factors to Sex Disparities in Adverse Drug Events](/publication/exploring-contributions-gendered-social-factors-sex-disparities-adverse-drug-events)”. *Women’s Health Issues* 36, no. 2 (2026). Gompers, Annika, Tamara Rushovich, Sarah S. Richardson, and Katharine M. N. Lee. “[Exploring the Contributions of Gendered Social Factors to Sex Disparities in Adverse Drug Events](/publication/exploring-contributions-gendered-social-factors-sex-disparities-adverse-drug-events)”. *Women’s Health Issues* 36, no. 2 (2026). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfPIIS1049386725001616.pdf](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/2026-01/PIIS1049386725001616.pdf) Concerns about large sex disparities in adverse drug events (ADEs, a term referring to all reported adverse events in people taking medication, including both confirmed adverse drug reactions \[ADRs\] and spontaneously reported, unconfirmed adverse events)... - [ picture\_as\_pdfPIIS1049386725001616.pdf](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/2026-01/PIIS1049386725001616.pdf) Davis, Seetha H., Ann Caroline Danielsen, Ivan Yi-Fan Hsiao, Kendra K. Albert, Maggie K. Delano, Carmel Shachar, Sarah S. Richardson, David S. Jones, and Nancy Krieger. “[The Extent of Gender Sex Variables Included in Clinical Algorithms across Medical Specialties](/publication/extent-gendersex-variables-included-clinical-algorithms-across-medical-specialties)”. *Health Affairs* 45, no. 7 (2026). Davis, Seetha H., Ann Caroline Danielsen, Ivan Yi-Fan Hsiao, Kendra K. Albert, Maggie K. Delano, Carmel Shachar, Sarah S. Richardson, David S. Jones, and Nancy Krieger. “[The Extent of Gender Sex Variables Included in Clinical Algorithms across Medical Specialties](/publication/extent-gendersex-variables-included-clinical-algorithms-across-medical-specialties)”. *Health Affairs* 45, no. 7 (2026). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfClinical Algs \_ Health Af...](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/2026-08/Clinical%20Algs%20_%20Health%20Affairs%20Jul%202026.pdf) Gender/sex variables are often included in clinical algorithms, typically without articulating which aspects of gender or sex-linked biologies are hypothesized to contribute to the tools’ output. To date, there exists little systematic evaluation of how... - [ picture\_as\_pdfClinical Algs \_ Health Af...](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/2026-08/Clinical%20Algs%20_%20Health%20Affairs%20Jul%202026.pdf) ### 2025 Richardson, Sarah S. “[Sex and the Riddle of Variability](https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/ptpbio/article/id/5492/)”. *Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology* 17, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3998/ptpbio.5492. Richardson, Sarah S. “[Sex and the Riddle of Variability](https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/ptpbio/article/id/5492/)”. *Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology* 17, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3998/ptpbio.5492. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Scientific research associations, funders, and publishers have recently introduced sex inclusion mandates requiring the use of male and female specimens in preclinical research designs and the analysis and reporting of data disaggregated by sex. However... Ichikawa, Kelsey, Marion Boulicault, Alex Thinius, Marina DiMarco, Audrey R. Murchland, Ben Maldonado, Abigail S. Higgins, and Sarah S. Richardson. “[Sex in the Medical Machine: How Algorithms Can Entrench Bioessentialism in Precision Medicine](https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251381674)”. *Big Data and Society* 12, no. 4 (2025). Ichikawa, Kelsey, Marion Boulicault, Alex Thinius, Marina DiMarco, Audrey R. Murchland, Ben Maldonado, Abigail S. Higgins, and Sarah S. Richardson. “[Sex in the Medical Machine: How Algorithms Can Entrench Bioessentialism in Precision Medicine](https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517251381674)”. *Big Data and Society* 12, no. 4 (2025). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Machine learning offers new possibilities for developing more precise diagnostics and treatments, but the increasing use of sex stratification in precision medicine algorithms raises concerns. Using Alzheimer's disease (AD) research as an example in which... [ More arrow\_circle\_right ](/publications) ![The Maternal Imprint Book Cover](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/srichard/files/maternal_imprint_cover.jpg?itok=G_SDM8de) [### The Maternal Imprint ](https://www.amazon.com/Maternal-Imprint-Contested-Science-Maternal-Fetal/dp/022654480X/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1616116388&sr=8-1) ![richardsoncomp1.jpg](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/srichard/files/richardsoncomp1_0.jpg?itok=GD2Ecr_1) [### Sex Itself ](http://www.amazon.com/Sex-Itself-Search-Female-Genome/dp/022608468X/) ![screen_shot_2015-01-05_at_12.01.19_pm.png](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/srichard/files/screen_shot_2015-01-05_at_12.01.19_pm_0.png?itok=XjKyAg8I) [### Postgenomics ](http://www.amazon.com/Postgenomics-Perspectives-Biology-after-Genome/dp/0822358948/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1442865691&sr=1-1&keywords=postgenomics) ![revrace.jpg](/sites/g/files/omnuum9681/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/srichard/files/revrace.jpg?itok=FyMhoi-X) [### Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age ](http://www.amazon.com/Revisiting-Genomic-Studies-Medical-Anthropology/dp/081354324X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1442865556&sr=1-1&keywords=revisiting+race+in+a+genomic+age)